In the context of learning to drive or ride, the instructor brings to the learning process their hard-earned knowledge, understanding and experience. If they rely simply on telling the learner what they should do they will probably be able to teach them enough to pass their test. However, all the evidence suggests that learners in this sort of relationship do not really change the way they think and quickly forget what they have been taught. There is a better chance of a long-lasting change in understanding and behaviour if the instructor:

• Presents their knowledge, understanding and experience clearly and effectively

• Listens to the learner’s reactions to that input

• Helps the learner to identify any obstacles to understanding and change

• Supports the learner to identify strategies for overcoming those obstacles for themselves